The lungs are responsible for the exchange of gas between the blood and air. Alveoli are microscopic air filled sacs present in the lung. Tiny blood vessels called capillaries are present in the wall of the alveoli. As the blood passes through the capillaries oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli and carbon dioxide enters the alveoli from the blood. Impairment of this exchange of gas may lead to a decrease in the level of oxygen in the blood or/and increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. This disturbance in the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood leads to a condition called respiratory failure. Respiratory failure can be acute (sudden in onset) or chronic (present for a long time).
Conditions that impair breathing can lead to respiratory failure. Breathing is the result of the synchronised activity of muscles, ribs, nerves, lungs and other supporting tissue. Damages to any of them may lead to impairment of gas exchange. Conditions that may lead to respiratory failure are:
Conditions affecting the lung
Diseases affecting muscle or muscle control
The symptoms seen in patients with respiratory failure are:
Your doctor will like to record a history of your symptoms. This will be followed by a physical examination where your doctor would like to hear for abnormal sound from your lungs with the help of stethoscope. Your doctor would also like to see your nails and tongue and lips, because a bluish colour on them is an indication that the level of oxygen in the body is low. Your doctor will then request for a few tests to confirm the diagnosis of respiratory failure. The tests are:
The treatment of respiratory failure has two goals; ensure enough oxygen reaches the blood and treat the underlying cause of respiratory failure.
This post was last modified on July 14, 2023 9:20 am
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