The Nipah virus is a relatively new virus that affects the brains of humans and certain animals like bats, pigs, and horses, causing neurological symptoms and death. This was first reported in 1998 when it caused encephalitis (brain fever) in pigs and pig farmers in Malaysia. Since then, there have been multiple outbreaks in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines. The most recent outbreak has been reported in the south Indian state of Kerala where the disease is thought to have been acquired from bats.
Being fairly new, limited research has been done to study the virus.
The virus is thought to be found present predominantly in Asia and a few parts of West Africa, carried in bats of the genus Pteropus (flying foxes). The virus is transmitted directly to humans or through another animal via contact with infected secretions. This includes blood, saliva, urine, and respiratory secretions. Fruits bitten by an infected bat can also be a source of infection. Humans can acquire if from close contact with infected humans.
Symptoms begin about 7 to 40 days after contact with an infective source.
The initial symptoms are similar to the flu with fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and body aches. This is followed by neurological symptoms such as
The disease is associated with high rates of death, ranging from 30% to 70%, as seen in the different outbreaks.
Some of the survivors were noted to have long term fatigue and weakness, a few months following their illness.
During an outbreak, all patients showing symptoms of Nipah virus infection who have a history of contact with an infective source are isolated and tested for the infection.
There is currently no effective treatment for the disease. Some antivirals have been tried for treatment with no success. Supportive care is the only measure available.
In general, patients suffering from Nipah virus infection require isolation and care in an intensive care unit. They may require mechanical ventilation (breathing through a tube inserted into the trachea) in case of respiratory failure.
This is a deadly disease is associated with high rates of mortality, ranging from 30% to 70%, as seen in the different outbreaks.
Some of the survivors were noted to have long term fatigue and weakness when studied a few months following their illness.
It is important to remain alert and vigilant to outbreaks and effectively prevent the transmission of the virus.
Scientists are working hard to create a safe and effective vaccine to prevent this fatal infection.
This post was last modified on January 21, 2023 12:51 pm
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