Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD is a behavioral developmental condition leading to restlessness and poor attention span. The disorder is primarily diagnosed in childhood, although adults also frequently suffer from it. The prevalence of ADHD in children of school-going age is about 7.2%, making it among the most common conditions affecting childhood. Boys experience symptoms more commonly than girls at a 4:1 ratio.
In adults, the prevalence is about 3.4% as per the WHO world mental health survey in 2007. Adults often have other psychiatric illnesses associated with ADHD such as mood disorders, anxiety, and substance use disorders.
The exact underlying cause is unknown and several theories are in place regarding the mechanism of ADHD.
The diagnosis is made after a careful evaluation of the individual through the following means before concluding the diagnosis
The diagnosis is based on the defined criteria published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and is usually made by a qualified psychiatrist
ADHD is managed with a combination of medications and behavioral therapy.
Medications: Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamines have been approved for use in ADHD. Atomoxetine is an alternative medication which has also shown benefit
Behavioral Therapy: These include counseling and behavior modification with the training of both parents and children using positive reinforcement, time-out, and withdrawal of privileges. Teachers can also help by making changes to the student’s schedule at school.
There is no definitive cure for ADHD but it can be managed well-using medications and behavioral therapy. Long term outcomes are dependent on the initial presentation, intellectual quotient, and the presence of other mental illnesses. Earlier diagnosis and treatment has been found to have improved outcomes.
This post was last modified on November 7, 2022 9:21 am
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