An ophthalmologist is a healthcare professional who has been trained to treat eye diseases and other conditions that affect the eyes. They diagnose and treat these issues and can even conduct surgery to help repair certain condition. They also conduct eye exams and help patients find the right glasses or other ways to improve their vision.

Pathology is a medical subfield with a focus on the diagnosis of disease. Medical professionals who become pathologists often have background knowledge in several different areas of medicine, as this knowledge is helpful when it comes to diagnosis. Pathologists generally test for disease by analyzing tissue, body fluid, and cell samples. In this way, these doctors can diagnose problems caused by parasites, pathogens, and even non-infectious causes. This work can help other physicians make the proper treatment recommendations.