Interventional radiology, which is also referred to as vascular and interventional radiology, uses minimally invasive radiology both to treat and diagnose diseases, disorders, and other problems a wide variety of patients may face. Generally, doctors in this subspecialty want to make the procedures they perform as minimally invasive as possible, as this reduces the possibility of other problems and complications. Physicians usually learn about interventional radiology while they are completing their residencies.

A neurosurgeon is a surgeon who specializes in the brain and neurological system. They diagnose and treat disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system. They work closely with neurologists and other medical professionals to provide the best medical care possible to their patients. Some neurosurgeons also specialize in other areas or in specific health problems, diseases, or disorders.