A hospitalist is a doctor who works only in a hospital setting. Hospitalists care for patients who are staying in the hospital to recover from an illness or a surgery. Most hospitalists are also internists, and many primary care doctors are hospitalists. Some of them also work in subspecialties or have work in other areas early in their careers. Hospitalists coordinate care for patients admitted in the hospital. They play the role of Primary care doctors in hospital settings.

Neonatology is a field of medicine that promotes the health of newborn infants. Most of the time, this type of healthcare tends to babies who are born prematurely or who have certain medical conditions when they are born. Doctors who work in this field are primarily hospital-based, and they work in neonatal intensive care units, also referred to as the NICU. These medical professionals are important in ensuring that new babies are healthy before they go home with their parents.