Hand surgery is a field that helps patients with a variety of health issues involving the hands. This can include both surgical and non-surgical care. These doctors treat conditions that present not only in the hands but also the arms. These conditions may include infections, abrasions, injuries, and arthritis. Surgeons trained in orthopedic surgery, general surgery, and even plastic surgery are all qualified to perform surgeries on the hands or provide other treatment for this area.

Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that works with athletes and others who play sports or take part in physically demanding activities that may result in injury or other overuse-related problems. Therefore, it is closely related to physical therapy. Since athletes can experience certain issues that may be uncommon in the rest of the population, the doctors who specialize in this field have advanced knowledge of the body and issues that may arise from participating in various physical activities.